Skip to main content\(\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb N}
\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb Z}
\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb Q}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb R}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Bin}{Bin}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Geom}{Geom}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Poiss}{Poiss}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Exp}{Exp}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Norm}{N}
\DeclareMathOperator{\E}{E}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Var}{Var}
\DeclareMathOperator{\Cov}{Cov}
\newcommand{\L}{\mathcal{L}}
\newcommand{\est}{\widehat}
\newcommand{\lt}{<}
\newcommand{\gt}{>}
\newcommand{\amp}{&}
\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}
\newcommand{\fillinmath}[1]{\mathchoice{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\displaystyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\textstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptstyle \phantom{\,#1\,}$}}{\colorbox{fillinmathshade}{$\scriptscriptstyle\phantom{\,#1\,}$}}}
\)
Math 1044 Notes
Andy Eisenberg
Mathematics Department
Temple University
February 19, 2026
